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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Theory of indispensable attributes ： ウィキペディア英語版 Theory of indispensable attributes The Theory of indispensable attributes (TIA) is a theory in the context of perceptual organisation which asks for the functional units and elementary features that are relevant for a perceptual system in the constitution of perceptual objects. Earlier versions of the theory emerged in the context of an application of research on vision to audition, and analogies between vision and audition were emphasised,〔Kubovy, Michael: Concurrent-Pitch Segregation and the Theory of Indispensable Attributes. In: Kubovy, Michael/Pomeranz, James R. (Eds.): Perceptual Organization, Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1981, 55–98.〕 whereas in more recent writings the necessity of a modality-general theory of perceptual organisation and objecthood is stressed.〔Kubovy, Michael/Valkenburg, D. Van: ''In defense of the theory of indispensable attributes.'' Cognition 87, 2003, pp. 225–233, here: p. 226.〕 The subject of perceptual organisation, and with it TIA, constitute a prime example of how theories of Gestalt psychology have been taken up and kept alive in cognitive psychology.〔Kubovy, Michael (1999): ''Gestalt Psychology''. In: Robert A. Wilson/Frank C. Keil (Eds.), The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences, pp. 346–349.〕 TIA has been drawn on in the context of music research, in the areas of music philosophy,〔Nussbaum, Charles O. (2007): ''The Musical Representation. Meaning , Ontology, and Emotion'', Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, pp. 31–32.〕 and systematic music theory.〔cf. Schmidt, Lüder/Schmidt, Silke/Seifert, Uwe/Gernemann, Andreas: ''Perceptual Organization and Systematic Music Theory: Musical Surface, Auditory Objects, and the Theory of Indispensable Attributes.'' In: Proceedings of the APSCOM Conference Seoul 2005.〕 == Perceptual grouping == Since the perception of objects implies a segregation of some parts of the environment (''figure'') from other parts of the environment (''ground''), a perceptual system will have to rely on certain features in the environment for the aggregation of what goes together. This aggregation is termed ''perceptual grouping'' (PG), and the aim of TIA is the identification of conditions for the occurrence of PG.〔Kubovy, M./Valkenburg, D. Van: "In defense of the theory of indispensable attributes." ''Cognition'' 87, 2003, pp. 225–233, here: p. 227.〕 PG is considered as a transformation happening between some input and some output. The input $\backslash mathcal$ is considered a set of discrete elements which are distributed over some medium $\backslash mathcal$. Media are also termed ''indispensable attributes'' (IA). The output PP is termed a ''phenomenal partition'' of $\backslash mathcal$ into subsets, or ''blocks'', E1, E2, ..., Em.〔 The grouping into some block Ei occurs in reference to at least one feature Fi from a set of features $\backslash mathcal$. Kubovy and Van Valkenburg (2003) recommend the following expression for the description of a PP: "... the elements of $\backslash mathcal$ spread over $\backslash mathcal$, are grouped by $\backslash mathcal$."〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Theory of indispensable attributes」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.